Деревянная расписная кукла – матрешка, является традиционным сувениром, воплощающим традиции и самобытность русского народа. Какие секреты хранит в себе эта разъемная игрушка, вы сейчас узнаете.
История этой любимой взрослыми и детьми куклы началась в 19-м веке. Считается, что название игрушки возникло от распространенного в те времена имени Матрёна, которое означает «мать», «берегиня». Символизирующая материнство, большую семью, род, единство, матрешка неспроста является славянским оберегом.
Кукла-матрешка со вложенными друг в друга идентичными уменьшенными копиями популярна в качестве развивающей игрушки для детей: во время занимательной игры ребенок может научиться счету, логическому мышлению, умению различать величину. Размеры стандартных матрешек варьируются от 10 до 30 см, а количество вложенных игрушек чаще всего составляет от 3-х до 10-ти, но бывает и больше кукол. Процесс изготовления матрешек осуществляется вручную, и состоит из нескольких этапов:
Сначала подбирается наиболее мягкий вид древесины – самой подходящей считается липа, а также может использоваться осина или береза.
Со ствола снимается кора, бревна распиливаются и заготовка сушится до приобретения твердости. Представляете, этот процесс может длиться несколько лет!
На токарном станке с помощью специальных инструментов ремесленники создают форму матрешки, начиная с самой маленькой куколки и постепенно переходя к остальным более крупным частям.
Внешние стороны изготовленных изделий мастера полируют и грунтуют.
Далее выполняется роспись матрешки. Сначала наносятся контуры рисунка, потом краска – гуашь, акрил или акварель, а после этого на игрушке прорисовываются мелкие детали.
Теперь поверхность готовых фигурок закрепляется лаком.
На матрешках в основном изображаются девушки в платках и сарафанах, с фартуками и букетом цветов или корзинкой. В разной местности, где изготавливаются эти игрушки, стиль росписи отличается. Поэтому сформировались разные виды матрешек, самые популярные из которых такие:
Сергиево-Посадская, или Загорская, – появилась первая. На игрушке изображается деревенская девушка, оформленная просто и лаконично. Кукла имеет коричневые оттенки волос, яркий наряд, передник украшен геометрическими линиями с небольшим количеством цветов. Руки такой матрешки полукругом направлены друг к другу.
Семеновская, – характеризуется нанесением росписи на бежевом фоне, большая часть которого остается незакрашенной. Нарисованная девушка, как правило, имеет черные прямые локоны, на платке есть кайма, что отличает семеновскую матрешку от других. Акцентом матрешки является фартук, украшенный пышным букетом цветов. Руки куклы опущены.
Полхов-Майданская, – это красавица с черным кудрявым локоном. Куколка отличается сочетанием ярких контрастов бордового, фиолетового и желтого, зеленого и красного цвета, что придает выразительность рисунку. Главная деталь на изделии – большой цветок розы или шиповника на овальном фартуке. Контуры рисунка четко обведены. Руки не рисуют.
Вятская, или Кировская – это улыбающаяся кукла со светлыми волосами. Ручки матрешки опущены. На переднике виднеется букет из роз, шиповника с обрамлением из листьев. Также изделие часто украшается декором из отпаренной ржаной соломки, что является отличительной особенностью данного вида матрешек.
Кроме того, бывают матрешки с ликами святых (иконами, например, Божьей Матери, Иисуса Христа, Николая Чудотворца), благодаря чему такой сувенир может быть оберегом.
Также изготавливают подарочные матрешки – к Пасхе, Новому году, со знаменитостями, и другие куклы, рисунок которых отражает тематику разных праздников, и кроме этого может быть выполнен в стилях «гжель», «хохлома».
Кроме выбора матрешек на нашем сайте в Германии представлен большой выбор сувенирной продукции, в том числе вкусных и именных подарков, которые станут отличной покупкой к любому событию и безусловно понравятся вам и вашим близким.
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Transfer to Third Countries This service may forward the collected data to a different country. Please note that this service might transfer the data outside of the EU/EEA and to a country without the required data protection standards. If the data is transferred to the US, there is a risk that your data can be processed by US authorities, for control and surveillance measures, possibly without legal remedies. Below you can find a list of countries to which the data is being transferred. This can be for different reasons like storing or processing. Chile, Singapore, United States of America, Taiwan
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The retention period is the time span the collected data is saved for the processing purposes. The data needs to be deleted as soon as it is no longer needed for the stated processing purposes. The Retention Period depends on the type of the saved data. Each client can choose how long Google Analytics retains data before automatically deleting it.
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Transfer to Third Countries This service may forward the collected data to a different country. Please note that this service might transfer the data outside of the EU/EEA and to a country without the required data protection standards. If the data is transferred to the US, there is a risk that your data can be processed by US authorities, for control and surveillance measures, possibly without legal remedies. Below you can find a list of countries to which the data is being transferred. This can be for different reasons like storing or processing. United States of America, Singapore, Chile, Taiwan
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This is an advertising and conversion-tracking service.
Processing Company Google Ireland Limited Google Building Gordon House, 4 Barrow St, Dublin, D04 E5W5, Ireland
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Data Collected This list represents all (personal) data that is collected by or through the use of this service.
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Retention Period The retention period is the time span the collected data is saved for the processing purposes. The data needs to be deleted as soon as it is no longer needed for the stated processing purposes. The data will be deleted as soon as they are no longer needed for the processing purposes.
Data Recipients
Data Protection Officer of Processing Company Below you can find the email address of the data protection officer of the processing company.
Transfer to Third Countries This service may forward the collected data to a different country. Please note that this service might transfer the data outside of the EU/EEA and to a country without the required data protection standards. If the data is transferred to the US, there is a risk that your data can be processed by US authorities, for control and surveillance measures, possibly without legal remedies. Below you can find a list of countries to which the data is being transferred. This can be for different reasons like storing or processing.
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